PACT® Demineralization is the process of removing mineral salts from water by using the ion exchange process. Demineralised water is water completely free (or almost) of dissolved minerals as a result of one of the following processes: Distillation Deionization Membrane filtration (reverse osmosis or nano filtration) Electrolysis Or other technologies. Demineralized water also known as Deionized water, water that has had its mineral ions removed. Mineral ions such as cations of sodium, calcium, iron, copper, etc. and anions such as chloride, sulphate, nitrate, etc. are common ions present in water. The progress converts all salts of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and other metal cations to their corresponding acids with cation exchange resin (s), then removes these acids with the appropriate anion exchange resin (s). The demineralization operation can be a sequential cation-anion process (single beds or layered beds) or an intimate mixture of cation and anion. Ion Exchange Resins There are two basic types of resin – cation-exchange and anion-exchange resins. Cation exchange resins will release Hydrogen (H+) ions or other positively charged ions in exchange for impurity cations present in the water. Anion exchange resins will release hydroxyl (OH-) ions or other negatively charged ions in exchange for impurity anions present in the water. There are three ways in which ion-exchange technology can be used in water treatment and purification: first, cation-exchange resins alone can be employed to soften water by base exchange; secondly, anion-exchange resins alone can be used for organic scavenging or nitrate removal; and thirdly, combinations of cation-exchange and anion-exchange resins can be used to remove virtually all the ionic impurities present in the feed water, a process known as deionization. Water deionization purification process results in water of exceptionally high quality. Deionization For many laboratory and industrial applications, high-purity water which is essentially free from ionic contaminants is required. Water of this quality can be produced by deionization. The two most common types of deionization are: two-bed deionization and mixed-bed deionization. Two-bed deionization The two-bed deionizer consists of two vessels – one containing a cation-exchange resin in the hydrogen (H+) form and the other containing an anion resin in the hydroxyl (OH-) form. Water flows through the cation column, whereupon all the cations are exchanged for hydrogen ions. To keep the water electrically balanced, for every monovalent cation, e.g. Na+, one hydrogen ion is exchanged and for every divalent cation, e.g. Ca2+, or Mg2+, two hydrogen ions are exchanged. The same principle applies when considering anion-exchange. The decationised water then flows through the anion column. This time, all the negatively charged ions are exchanged for hydroxide ions which then combine with the hydrogen ions to form water (H2O). Mixed-bed deionization In mixed-bed deionizers the cation-exchange and anion-exchange resins are intimately mixed and contained in a single pressure vessel. The thorough mixture of cation-exchangers and anion-exchangers in a single column makes a mixed-bed deionizer equivalent to a lengthy series of two-bed plants. As a result, the water quality obtained from a mixed-bed deionizer is appreciably higher than that produced by a two-bed plant. Although more efficient in purifying the incoming feed-water, mixed-bed plants are more sensitive to impurities in the water supply and involve a more complicated regeneration process. Mixed-bed deionizers are normally used to ‘polish’ the water to higher levels of purity after it has been initially treated by either a two-bed deionizer or a reverse osmosis unit. Electrodeionization EDI Electrodeionization Systems remove ions from aqueous streams, typically in conjunction with reverse osmosis (RO) and other purification devices. Major Applications: Ion Exchange Plants Softener Industrial DM Plant Two Stage & Multi Stage DM Plants Mix Bed Demineraliser De-Gasifiers Cation Polisher Pharmaceutical Industry Power Plant Oil & Gas sector Chemical Industries Textile Industries Boilers feed water, Textiles, Pharmaceuticals, Chemicals, Breweries, Swimming pools, Potable Water, Hospitals, Automobile, and Battery Advantages: Variety of cost effective standard models. Improved aesthetics and rugged design. User friendly, low maintenance and easy to install. Simpler distribution and collection systems. Quick availability. Pre-dispatch assembly check. The multi-port valves are top mounted as well as side mounted with the necessary high pressure rating PVC piping. Single valve operation as compared to the six valves in conventional filters Each operating step is clearly marked on the valve, thereby eliminating chances of error in the operating sequence. Single valve assembly, with its simplified frontal Piping, simpler distribution collecting systems is Very easy to install. Rust free Less power consumption Durable Economical